Bite Size Grammar Tip: How to Correctly Use a Semicolon

The semicolon is one of the most enigmatic punctuation marks. However, it is indispensible to writing complex, clear, and polished sentences. Once you understand the rules governing the use of semicolons, they will help your writing to sound more stylized and sophisticated.

The purpose in using a semicolon is to connect two independent clauses. An independent clause is a unit of grammar that can stand as a simple sentence by itself. Much like a sentence, a clause contains a subject and a predicate, and it expresses a complete thought without using any conjunctions or connecting words such as and, but, or, nor, yet.

WHAT is a semicolon?

The dictionary defines the semicolon or semi-colon (;) as a punctuation mark that is used to 1) separate two related independent clauses within a sentence when a conjunction has been left out, or 2) to separate items in a series if it contains commas.

WHEN should a semicolon be used in a sentence?

The most common usage for a semicolon is when a writer wants to strengthen a connection between two independent clauses or statements. The statements are usually related to or in contrast to one another.

For example:

Jennifer was born in New York. She moved to California when she was ten years old.

The two sentences are separated by a period. However, by adding a semicolon between the two clauses, it eliminates the pause that takes place after the period while strengthening the connection between the two ideas.

Jennifer was born in New York; she moved to California when she was 10 years old.

HOW do I use a semicolon?

If you have two independent and related clauses that can stand alone as sentences, then it is acceptable to use a semicolon in place of the period.

CAN I use a conjunction with a semicolon?

No. Do not use conjunctions with semicolons. If you use a conjunction, use a comma to separate the two clauses.

CONSIDER using the semicolon as a mega comma!

A semicolon can also be used as a comma. If you need to write a list of items that is already separated by a comma, the semicolon permits you to list, as well as strengthen, the connection between the items within the same sentence. This is often used when creating a list that may contain names, locations, or descriptions.

For example:

While contemplating which East Coast schools to apply to for college, my daughter visited colleges in Portland, Maine; Ithaca, New York; and Boston, Massachusetts.

Use semicolons effectively and with confidence in your writing; it will help you to become a more articulate writer and it allows your writing to show a sense of style!